Impact of Wars on Architecture and Design of New Buildings Essay

Impact of Wars on Architecture and Design of New Buildings - Essay ExampleIt is imperative to cross off that the history of architecture is a rich arena where valuable models exist that exemplify on past failures, as well as instances where new notional models would harness so as to come up with a vibrant structure. Take for example, the works of Herscher (2008) and Livesey (2011) take a closer look at architectural structures subjected to military strikes or have been part of collateral damage. In this synthesis, Herscher and Livesey find that structures that were subjected to military bombardment have different resistance to the energy of the bombardment. It is admissible that nearly structures have withstood direct bombardment as shown in the pictures alongside from the works of Livesey and Herscher. The question is whether this has aided strengthening structures, and construction patterns? This remains to be a falloff in the minds of umpteen scholars (Schwartz, 2012, Lives ey, 2011, Teal, 2011). Neo-rationalism provides a modern-day thought pattern that is in line with modern challenges. Schwartz (2012) talks of the emergence of a breed of architects that have malign acts ruining the genius of the architectural body. A research by Schwartz found that a group of architects have fallen into the habit of designing structures that are deficient or having flaws, although minute, all the same imminent to create a weakness in the building. A good case in question is that of The Loos Case as highlighted in the works of Schwartz (2012). It is advertise noted that, considering historical times and comparing.... The question is whether this has aided strengthening structures, and construction patterns? This remains to be a quagmire in the minds of many scholars (Schwartz, 2012, Livesey, 2011, Teal, 2011). Neo-rationalism provides a modern-day thought pattern that is in line with modern challenges. Schwartz (2012) talks of the emergence of a breed of archite cts that have malevolent acts ruining the reputation of the architectural body. A research by Schwartz found that a group of architects have fallen into the habit of designing structures that are substandard or having flaws, although minute, yet imminent to create a weakness in the building. A good case in question is that of The Loos Case as highlighted in the works of Schwartz (2012). It is further noted that, considering historical times and comparing it with the current time, it is emergent that the current state of affairs shows an increase in crime levels especially crime tend towards warchitecture (Schwartz, 2012). Teal (2011) and Herscher (2008) make good use of visual aspects by communicating more using these pictures of architectural building thereby surpassing the information contained in writing. Apparently, it is emergent that utilization of pictures in their work makes the work not only attractive but distinctive to the effect that it propagates information detailing aspects on architecture easily missed in the wording of literature. For example, the works of Teal (2011) highlight the making of a simple to complex structure that makes it possible to see divergent parts of the structure that makes it strong. In the works of Teal, it is amusing to note that, modern structures are fashioned in such a manner that it is made simple,

Cultural Relativity and Exploring Global Gender Ideals Essay

Cultural Relativity and Exploring Global Gender Ideals - Essay ExampleApart from the primary data I collected as an interviewer myself, the essay also contains some secondary research that espouses the notion that gender varies from culture to culture. For my interview, I contacted a Pakistani woman, Fareedah, who lived in my friends neighborhood I felt that because she was from a different country than mine, she could offer me a chance to compare and contrast how manpower and women deal in our profess societies. According to Fareedah, it is the job of the men to support the family, the women are supposed to value their household chores and domestic responsibilities over everything else. I know numerous women who have had to give up their jobs after they got married and had babies. Whereas in Pakistan society apparently it is not seen as appropriate for women to work, in other societies women are pass judgment and often encouraged to join the work sector. For instance in china ware, because of expanding demand for womens labor, female labor force participation rates in Taiwan climbed from 32.6% in 1966 to 46.1% in 2001, (Hu & Kamo, 105). Also, what immediately came to my mind when Fareedah stated that women are not expected to join the workforce in her society, was World War II when women in Britain were asked to join arms and ammunitions factories, and drive agricultural machinery. Fareedah also claimed that I think women are just naturally inclined towards looking for after the children and doing housework, and also men are made by nature to be more concerned about everyone around them, like a braggy lion who has to protect his primp You should see the men from our North West Frontier Province, they are like kings, ruling and taking responsibility of their own shortsighted settlements. ... naturally inclined towards looking after the children and doing housework, and also men are made by nature to be more concerned about everyone around them, like a big lion who has to protect his pride You should see the men from our North West Frontier Province, they are like kings, ruling and taking responsibility of their own little settlements. This echoes with what Ortner and Whitetaker claim about life in non-Western societies women are seen as tending toward more involvement with private and particularistic concerns, benefitting themselves and perhaps their children, without a regard for large social consequences, whereas men are seen as having a more universalistic orientation, as being concerned with the welfare of the social whole, (Ortner and Whitehead,7). Fareedah also express my own fille has a job in America she is working as a teacher. She is very happy. But were we back at home, I would have been scolded for allowing my daughter to work, and she would also be reprimanded. Questioning Fareedah about the attitudes towards relatives in her society, she said I think people are very close to one another, and all the sisters, bro thers, cousins, uncles, grandparents etcetera are connected to one another in such a way that they all exert influence on each other. She also said that there is no way you can do something without seeking the advice or permission of your relatives, there is nothing you can do that your family cannot find out. So strong and integrated the society is Kamo and Hu claim that like in many East Asian societies, the extended family is a preferred arraignment in Taiwan, and that 73% of them (respondents aged 65 or older) actually lived that way, (Hu & Kamo, 107). Asking Fareedah about her

Technical trading analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Technical trading analysis - Essay Examples assumed that the fund would definitely be interested in riding a wave but not to the peak but obtain gains much before the peak and go short somewhere mingled with the bottom and the peak. Similarly the fund would not wait for the market to bottom out before taking a decision on going keen-sighted and that it would go long once market moves down somewhere between the peak and the bottom. Either strategies would imply that the fund is not looking for excessive and big gains nevertheless it does maintain inherent profit booking targets. The trading system explained below is based on trading rules that were tested for profits results based on this risk philosophy.Financial theory, taught in finance textbooks the globe over, norm tout ensembley exposes a student of finance to the concepts like the efficient market hypothesis and the economically wise individual. Bubbles and crashes seem to defy these two seminal concepts with an awkwardness equivalent to the awkwardness one would attach to those things on earth that defy gravity. Nevertheless such extreme stock market movements are a reality. Bubbles make investing decisions arduous as stock prices tend to deviate by substantial margins from their fundamental valuations. Investors relying on past company results and technical analysis are equally defeated in such situations as is the EMH.In fact, investors always act on the basis that they pass on an applicable construct to explain stock price movements and tend to input all available information collected under such constructs in their coronation decisions (Poole 2000). Finance research has also held varying opinions on this issue. For instance, Biermann (1995) supports the idea that market prices are determined from backward looking investors than by those that indulge in predictions of all sorts. Others have, for example elaborated on the use of price to earnings ratios to determine excess market valuations. Some technical work has set to rest in a convincing manner the

Why Is Water Important in Living Organisms Essay Example for Free

Why Is piss Important in Living Organisms examineWater is very important in all living organisms, it is vital for many different things. Around 70% of our dust weight is due to weewee. The touchstone is high in organs such as lungs and brain and fluids such as blood, lymph, saliva and secretions by the organs of the digestive system.First of all water is vital in the regulation of body temperature to depending on the temperature mammals will alter the amount they sweat. If they are to warm the amount of seat will increase. Sweat reduces the body temperature because as it evapo regularizes off the skin it cools the surface. If body temperature rises above 37 then enzymes will begin to not function properly and reactions will slow. This is because the enzymes are befitting denatured as their hydrogen bonds break and shape change. This is also relevant in plants. When water is evapo sayd of leaves of the plant it cools it in the same way. This is also important as plants des ire to be a certain temperatures so that. Plants need to be at the correct temperature so reactions take place at the fastest rate and so they grow as much as possible. This is especially important in crops and agriculture Also for plants to grow at the fastest possible rate they have to have the correct amount of water.Water is also important because without osmosis wouldnt occur, so many important particles and nutrients wouldnt be moved nigh the organism. An example of this is in the root hair cell. In the soil outside the root hair cell is a higher water potential than in the root. This is because the root hair cell has amino acids, minerals and sugars inside them. So water moves down the concentration gradient into the roots.The uptake of water in plant cells creates pressures against the laid walls. This back tooth also help non-woody plants stay upright. Water is pulled up the stem by transpiration pull which creates a negative pressure this causes the water molecules to s tick together. Which is called coherence tension theory. The water is transported up to the leaves and into the chlorophyll where it is used in photosynthesis. Other nutrients and molecules are transported by the water and used in different parts of the plant. Water is also used in the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. Electrons are lost from the chlorophyll as they get excited and move done carriers. These electrons need to be replaced this is done by the photolysis of water. The replacement of these electrons are provided from water molecules which are split using light energy.Water protons + electrons + oxygenAs well as in plants water is important in the body. Water is the medium in which various enzyme and chemical reactions take place. It moves nutrients, hormones, antibodies and oxygen through the blood stream and lymphatic system. Also inside the body many larger molecules need to be broken down, water is used to do this. Polysaccharides are joined by glycosidic bonds. These can be broken by the process of hydrolysis, the addition of water. This splits the polysaccharides into monosaccharides. One reason this is done is so polysaccharides can be hydrolysied into soluble sugars. An example is Cellulose is first hydrolyzed to cellobiose by cellulase and then cellobiose is further hydrolyzed to glucose.Hydrolysis is an exothermic reaction. It gives off heat as it breaks the glycosidic bonds. This can be used to regulate body temperature, which is very important for the survival of mammals. If it is rimy the amount of metabolous reactions will increase. Hydrolysis occurs in the early stage of respiration. Hydrolysis occurs in glycolysis. Energy is needed to activate glucose and energy comes from the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP. Water is vital for metabolic reactions. And if the body is kept at the correct temperature then many processes and reaction will not be carried out correctly. For example body temperature is 37. This is the optimum tempera ture for enzymes in the body. If that temperature drops the rate at which the reactions involving theses enzymes take place will drop as well.

Is the film version of Of Mice and Men inferior to the original novel Essay Example for Free

Is the engage version of Of Mice and Men inferior to the original novel screenOf Mice and Men was written in 1937 during the great depression, by John Steinbeck.Steinbeck was born in 1902 in California some of his other novels argon The Red Pony, cupful of Gold, To a God Unknown, In Dubious Battle, Canary Row, Sweet Thursday and various others. After months of ill health, John Steinbeck died of heart failure in declination 1968 and is buried in Salinas, California.The film was directed by Gary Sinise, and runs for approximately 115 minutes and was made in the USA. Of Mice and Men is suitable for adaptation as the plot of land line is not too complicated and the scenes will be relatively easy to make, on the other hand there atomic number 18 several problems, a various amount of the scenes in the book cannot be adapted for the film, such as when Lennie hallucinates by the river.The col sequence opens with George and Lennies escape from Weed, this is muckle in a big open f ield, with vibrant colours this will get the audiences attention as vibrant colours give the impression of danger. The camera starts of in a long shot, this is important as it immortalizes the audience her ripped dress, then the camera zooms in to a close up to show the tears and fear on her face. The opening in the film is much more(prenominal) dramatic to the one of the novel, the director choose the include this section because it gives a contrast from George being in a combined place on the train, to having dramatic colours and wide open space, this makes the film more dramatic and provoke for the audience.In the novel Curleys wife and Curley are never seen together, they are always looking for each other, the incident with Crooks is not included. In the film Curleys wife does not have red mules, and is not intemperately made up, she is wearing white and pink this gives her the look of femininity and innocence, which will give a different portrayal of the character to the nov el.She is always seen in doorways, for model when she sees George, the camera uses a mid shot so the audience can see both their reactions, Curleys wife is looking awayside like she is looking out for Curley, she is giving him no eye contact this shows us that she is not trying to lead him on. George is giving her eye contact, this might be making her feel awkward as she starts the fiddle with her dress. In the novel she is shown as being a dangerous, flirty character whereas in the film she is made to be totally different, the director has elect to portray her sympathetically this is because this will enforce more of a reaction when she dies, this makes the audience feel sympathy for her.George and Lennie are presented with more sympathy in the film than the novel, the novel is less extreme. When Lennie has the fight with Curley the camera is in mid shot and Lennie is sitting down, this makes him look more vulnerable. The director uses a strong use of big(p) in the scenes of th e fight, the punches are made to sound loud, this can make the audience relate to Lennie.A close up is then on Georges face to show his concern for Lennie, then a extreme close up of Lennie is used, this is very dramatic way of showing a characters emotions, the audience can see Lennies sore eyes and almost makes the audience feel scared as he has blood on his face when he is breaking Curleys hand, this makes the film superior the version the novel as the camera shots and sound can make more of an effect on the audience and makes Lennie and George more three dimensional, whereas the novel makes them seem more one dimensional.The beginning of the novel is very different as Steinbeck sets the scene in clear detail, he creates a peaceful atmosphere by victimization nature the leaves lie so deep and so crisp that a lizard makes a great skittering if he runs among them. Unlike the novel the film shows an exciting and tense atmosphere.At the beginning of the film the director chooses to show George on a train, this scene is not included in the book because it would only cipher in a film, the director uses a haunting shilling melody lingering in the background, the camera shot focuses on a lonely formula crouched in the corner. By using this scene at the beginning it grabs the audiences attention and a spirited mood is set in the audience, he sets a hard contrast between that scene and the one that follows. This scene shows George sitting in the dark, which shows more about him than in the novel it shows that George is in the dark. The film relates to Steinbeck descriptive prose well, scarcely some scenes could have been presented more like the book.In my opinion the film does do the film justice, but some characters could have been presented more like the characters in the book, for example Curleys wife, she is presented to be a flirty and dangerous character in the book and presented as a feminine vulnerable character in the film. The scenes are set in differ ent ways but are successful in giving the audience the same amount of emotion as in the novel. The scenes that are in the novel that are not included in the film are not important and they are replaced with scene of the same importance that are easier to make. Overall the film is a good adaptation of the novel.

Parenting Styles in Identity Essay Example for Free

Pargonnting Styles in Identity EssayChildren be always exploring their independence and developing their identity element, or in other words, a sense of self. Research has shown that those who receive becoming encouragement and reinforcement will emerge with a strong sense of self. Those who do not receive proper encouragement and reinforcement will remain unsure of themselves and confused about the future. For this reason, I believe an dogmatic parenting style is the most beneficial factor in the formation of identity.Before we get into parenting styles, we must first discuss how an identity is formed. One of Erik Eriksons steps in his Theory of Psychosocial Development is identity versus confusion, commonly called the identity crisis. This is a period of exploration and analysis of polar ways of looking at oneself.1 James Marcia expanded on Eriksons theory by stating that there are two parts in the process of identity a crisis and a commitment. He defined a crisis as a t ime of turmoil where darkened values and choices are being reexamined. The result of a crisis leads to a commitment to a certain value or subprogram. Commitment to that value or role means not only making a firm choice, but engaging in activities to implement that choice as well.2 People who have explored and committed to an identity are more open, experience fewer problems in society, and are more effective communicators.3 Effective parenting garters children make it through the crisis stage and establish a commitment.There are four patterns of parenting authoritarian, authoritative, indulgent, and uninvolved parenting. Authoritarian parents are controlling and demanding but not very loving or responsive to their childrens needs. They intervene much and do not allow their children to make independent choices. Authoritative parents have high expectations and set clear boundaries, but allow their children considerable freedom. They are accepting, loving, and substantiating of their children. Indulgent parents are responsive to their childrens needs but completely undemanding. They are warm and loving but set no clear boundaries or expectations. uncaring parents are unresponsive and undemanding. They are not warm or loving, nor do they set any type of boundaries or expectations.With these four types of parenting in mind, lets take a look at what parental characteristics help or hinder a childs identity festering. The emotional characteristics that facilitate identity development are warmth, companionship, and acceptance. The behavioral characteristics that facilitate identity development are setting reasonable behavior standards and enforcing adherence to those standards, encouraging self-expression and self-exploration, and being accepting of others perspectives. The emotional characteristics that impede a childs identity development are hostility, restrictiveness, emotional distance, and rejection. The behavioral characteristics that impede identity development are rigidity, intolerance, inability to adjust, and not setting behavior standards.4These emotional and behavioral characteristics that assist or inhibit identity development tie back into the afore mentioned patterns of parenting.Both authoritarian and uninvolved parents emotional and behavioral characteristics obstruct identity development. Indulgent parents emotional characteristics help identity development, but their behavioral characteristics hamper it. Authoritative parents emotional and behavioral characteristics support identity development. As you can see, neither a neglectful or avoidant style of parenting is likely to help the development of identity. Steinberg stated that compared with their counterparts from non-authoritative homes, authoritatively reared adolescents earn higher grades in school, are more self-reliant, report less psychological distress, and are less involved in delinquent activity.5In conclusion, I believe that authoritative parenting is t he most beneficial factor in the formation of identity. This is because the emotional and behavioral characteristics of authoritative parenting enable children to most effectively pass through the crisis stage of development and make a firm commitment. Therefore, the child is able to establish a unfluctuating identity.Works Cited1. Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity Youth and Crisis. New York Norton.2. Marcia, J. E. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 551-558.3. Bhushan, R., Shirali, K. A. (1992). Family types and communication with parents A comparison of youth at different identity levels. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 21, 687-697.4. Adams, G. R., Dyk, P., Bennion, L. D. (1990). Parent-adolescent relationships and identity formation. In B. K. Barber B. C. Rollins (Eds.), Parent-adolescent relationships (pp. 1-16). Lanham, MD University Press of America.5. Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things Parent-a dolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11, 28.

Human Trafficking Human Smuggling

Human Trafficking Human SmugglingNearly only countries in the world face the challenge of clement trafficking and tender export whether as a country of transit, origin or destinations for the victims (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). Human trafficking and military personnel import have become a global problem of recent. The fact-finding agencies within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) approximated that 600000 to 800000 people are trafficked and smuggled annually across the international borders (Department of State, 2006). Additionally the estimation shows that a signifi push asidet repress of people are trafficked and smuggled within the boundaries of their country. The united States is the final destination country for the trafficked, according to the US Department of State (Department of State, 2006). There are discordant reasons why people carry out benignant trafficking and human smuggling. Some of the reasons include assiduity and sexual exploitation among others (Ten a, 2010).Most of the victims are enticed with false promises from their homes and rather enforced into activities such as prostitution, forced labor and domestic servitude to name but a few (Jac- Kucharski, 2012). Additionally, politicians have become part and parcel in the discussion of such activities as a result of the nature of the phenomenon (Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 2013). The non-profit organization and government agencies have had the responsibility to deal with the victims of such actions. Due to the similarities between the two crimes, both have been conf utilize by the public. What are the differences between human trafficking and human smuggling? What are the measures taken by DHS to stop or mitigate both crimes?Differences between human trafficking and human smugglingHuman trafficking and human smuggling are different activities in the unite States, and these terms cannot be interchanged. Human trafficking is a grave human rights violation and a serious cr ime that revolves around exploitation of people. Human trafficking can be defined as sex trafficking in the sense that commercial sex activities are forcefully induced, coercion, fraud or rather a state in which the victims who are forcibly persuaded in such acts are below 18-years old (Jakobsson Kotsadam, 2013). Additionally, it can be defined as harboring, recruiting, transporting, providing or obtaining an individual for hard labor activities forcefully, or done fraud or coercion for objection to involuntary slavery, debt bondage or peonage (Tripp Mcmahon, 2016).On the other hand, human smuggling revolves around the transportation of people and can be defined as the act of importing individuals into a country through careful avoidance of immigration laws (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). Such activities include importing hot aliens into the country and harboring unlawful aliens illegally in the country. Moreover, in some situations, smuggling may involve rape, murder or assault either sexually of physically (Department of State, 2006).Measures established by the Department of Homeland Security to stop or mitigate both crimesThe investigative agencies in the Department of Homeland Security in the United States which are responsible for curbing human smuggling and human trafficking include the Customs Enforcement ( cover) and U.S. Immigration (Tena, 2010). The ICE cooperates within its law implementation partners in fighting the global infrastructure that is involved in human trafficking and smuggling (ICE, 2013). The ICE achieves this mission by using its experts and authorities, disrobing away profit incentives and assets, cooperating with foreign partners and the United States for the purpose of attacking worldwide network as well as working with global non-governmental organizations for the identification, rescuing and providing assistance to the smuggling victims.The ICE agency has embarked on the goaded strategy in fighting human smuggling and trafficking. F or instance, the ICE is pursuing investigations which are intelligence-driven for the purpose of targeting large-scale human smuggling organizations irrespective of their location of trading operations (ICE, 2013). There is specifically located emphasis on the smuggling rings that helps in posing the risk of the national security, threaten lives and engage in violence, extortion, hostage-taking, and abuse.Additionally, thither is proper coordination between the ICE and partners at U.S. Customs and Border Protection for the purpose of ensuring hostile investigations and prosecution of the smuggling cases along the country borders. Moreover, the ICE is targeting all the links that are associated with smuggling activities past the direct smugglers (ICE, 2014). Precisely, the ICE aims at targeting the foreign organizers and recruiters, the fake document dealers and transportation, and employment networks who gain from the alien smuggling in the United States. Besides, the ICE aims at p ursuing the legislation to raise the penalties beside nonionised smugglers and offer further criminal offenses to ensure enhancement of discoursing spotters who help criminals in smuggling aliens and contraband (ICE, 2014).The ICE discovered that for successful investigations and prosecuting traffickers, the victims must be steady and free from intimidation and fear to be real witnesses (Tena, 2010). There is equality in the placement of value on the identification and the salvage of victims and the traffickers prosecution. The ICE has many security duty victims or witnesss coordinators who cooperate with the NGOs for the purpose of providing victim services (Tripp Mcmahon, 2016). Moreover, the short-run immigration relief is given to the certified trafficking victims in continued presence status form.The ICE has developed practical initiatives that aim at criticizing the infrastructure that provides jump to the smuggling organizations and the assets acquired from the criminal a ctivities. Such activities include snatching vehicles, goods, currency and armaments among others (ICE, 2014). This initiative has played a significant role in fighting human trafficking and smuggling.The ICE has issued the well-behaved Asset Forfeiture Reform Act, which is one of the tools used in fighting human trafficking and smuggling, a notice to the owners of properties that have been recognized to be used in facilitating the human trafficking and smuggling aliens (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). This tool is very significant in the sense that various managers do not take into account the acceleration of criminal acts on their personal properties or the companys resources.The secretary of the Department of Homeland Security made an announcement about the proposals to the Customs Enforcement and immigration during the annual meeting. The annual meeting was held at the White House by the Presidents Interagency Task Force to Monitor and Combat Human Trafficking (ICE, 2013). Some of the pr oposals made included the extension of the period of the significant immigration description for the people who are not citizens of the United States. Additionally, they would give vital constancy as well as better support to the victims of human trafficking and smuggling as they carry out further investigations of the traffickers. This is part of the victim-centered approach of the department in fighting against human trafficking.In 2010, The Department Homeland Security came up with the Blue Campaign to act as the voice of the unified Department in fighting human trafficking and smuggling (DHS, n.d). The Blue Campaign came up with a resolution that there be human trafficking awareness training in cooperated into the major training courses at the institutions such as the Federal Law Enforcing study Centers (DHS, n.d). This could be substantial because a greater percentage of federal law enforcement agencies who participate in Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC) acquir e skills and tools that help in curbing the human trafficking and smuggling and respond accordingly (DHS, n.d).On a daily basis, the employees of the DHS search for the pointers and causes of human trafficking during their line of duty. Also, the employees of the ICE carry out investigations on human trafficking cases as well as providing support to the victims through the victim awareness programs (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). Besides, the employees in the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agency cooperate with the air lane workers to curb human trafficking through the use of the Blue Lightning Initiative (CBP, n.d). Additionally, the airline personnel together with the support of the agencies make sure that products and properties acquired through forced labor from foreign countries do not find their way in the United States supply chain.The citizenship and the Immigration agencies perform their duty of ensuring that the qualified victims of trafficking who are not citizens of the Uni ted States have accessibility to needed immigration qualifications for the trafficking victims (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). Moreover, the Blue Campaign ensures there is the empowerment of communities for the purpose of curbing human trafficking and smuggling through the formation of partnerships, climax up with public awareness, creation, and dissemination of resources and free tool which are used countrywide in curbing human trafficking and smuggling (DHS, n.d).In conclusion, human trafficking, and human smuggling is a global issue which calls for every country to participate in the fighting process. The countries should come up with more measures that can be used to do away with human trafficking and smuggling completely. For that reason, different agencies and tools should be put in place worldwide to be used in fighting human trafficking and smuggling.ReferencesJac-Kucharski, A. (2012). The Determinants of Human Trafficking A US Case Study. International Migration, 50(6), 150-165. doi 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2012.00777.xJakobsson, N., Kotsadam, A. (2013). The law and economics of international sex slavery Prostitution laws and trafficking for sexual exploitation. European journal of Law and Economics, 35(1), 87-107. doi10.1007/s10657-011-9232-0United States Customs Border Protection Agency, (n.d). Blue Lightning Initiative. Retrieved January 24, 2017, from https//www.cbp.gov/border-security/human-trafficking/blue-lightningUnited States Department of Homeland Security. (n.d.). Blue Campaign. Retrieved January 18, 2017, from https//www.dhs.gov/blue-campaignUnited States Department of State, (2006). Factsheet Distinctions between human smuggling and human trafficking. Retrieved December 16, 2016, from http//www.state.gov/m/ds/hstcenter/90434.htmUnited States Immigration and Customs Enforcement, (2013). Human trafficking and smuggling. Retrieved January 16, 2017, from https//www.ice.gov/factsheets/human-traffickingUnited States Immigration and Customs Enforcement, (201 4). ERO Annual Report FY 2013 ICE immigration removals. Retrieved January 23, 2017, from https//www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/ero/pdf/2013-ice-immigration-removals.pdfTena, M. (2010, September 30). Modern day slavery in the U.S.-Mexican territory Human trafficking at the border. Retrieved January 18, 2017, from http//catcher.sandiego.edu/items/peacestudies/Border_Brief_FINAL_BW_oct4_10.pdfTripp, T. M., Mcmahon-howard, J. (2016). Perception vs. reality The relationship between organized crime and human trafficking in metropolitan Atlanta. American Journal of Criminal Justice AJCJ, 41(4), 732-764. doi10.1007/s12103-015-9315-5