School Vouchers Essay -- Position Paper School Vouchers

School VouchersSchool vouchers can be described as financial funding given to students who elect non to heed public schools. Therefore the government would not be spending coin educating that student in a public school. A school voucher is the assignation of money that the government would have used for that student to attend public school. This money is then given to the family of the student to help fund the education of that student. This money cannot be used for anything other than education. There are many sides to take and many opinions to be had. It is very clear that the prospect of school vouchers is an issue to be debated. Some people feel that if they are not development the governments form of education then they should be paid for not using it, in order to help finance other forms of education. On the other side of the issue, some people feel that school vouchers would be used in many cases to subsidize religious schools. This becomes a hot topic due to the separati on of church and state. In short, does money not being used by a student belong to that student, and can it be used for a private, and sometimes religious, school. There are only two logical options to solve this quandary of school vouchers. The first is that the government provides school vouchers to students not enrolled in the public school system. The second is that the government does not provide school vouchers to students not enrolled in the public school system. There are many stipulations that could be applied to both sides of the argument, but the bottom line remains the same. The government can both provide or not provide school vouchers. If the government should decide to provide school vouchers, there are both positive and negative aspects to that decision.Considering that the unite States government would grant school vouchers to students, there would be many positive gains. For instance, that choice would level the playing field, with regards to education, between l ow-income families and upper class families (Messerli). This would be stark(a) by providing monetary funding to families of students that could not previously afford to attend an institution of private education. In turn, more students would be able to enroll in private schools. An increase in attendance at private schools would be a benefit to the whole of the education system. This ben... ...ios and variables presented, I would recommend that a comprehensive voucher program be introduced. I feel that a voucher programs benefits far outweigh the shortcomings. A voucher program would not only be beneficial to parents and students, but also to education as it stands today. Parents would benefit by basing their decisions about education on the worth of the school or else of on money. Students would benefit by having a choice between public and private school. Even students not involved in the voucher program would benefit, by smaller class sizes, more diversity, and better teachin g due to competition between schools. Education as we know it today, both public and private, would benefit by having more choices, and would then be able to assist more students in reaching their educational goals.BibliographyCoulson, Andrew J. Should You Fear School Choice?. 22 Sep. 2004. Mackinac Center for reality Policy. 3 Jan. 2005. Helping state leaders shape education policy. 2004. Education Commission of the States. 3 Jan. 2005. Messerli, Joe. Balanced Politics. 2 Oct. 2003. 3 Jan. 2005. .The pros and cons in the school voucher debate. 2002. Pagewise, Inc. 3 Jan. 2005. .

Essay --

En muck upa el trama es ingenuo se describe el amor de Efran y Mara de una manera sincera y inocente hasta que ocurre la muerte de la protagonista. La novela sentimental se identifica porque siempre tiene una pareja enamorados con diferentes problemas. Donde los hechos se desarrollaron en una forma directa, y aunque Isaacs narra en primera persona, es sabio todo lo conoce. Teniendo el conocimiento de lo que ocurre significa que la novela fue creada con elementos autobiogrficos con aspectos de su propia vida. Esta novela presenta caractersticas importantes que utilizan en novelas romnticas como el romanticismo, costumbrismo y el realismo. En esta novela discutimos en la clase que contiene informacin autobiogrfica del autor Jorge Isaacs. El vivi en la casa donde se describe que era la casa de Efran donde se desarrollo el idilio en la hacienda llamada el paraso. Conociendo detalles del autor hace entender la novela mas, como Isaacs siendo hijo de padres judos igual que Efran converti do al cristianismo. Ambos estuvieron interesados en las mismas lecturas y estudiaron la poesa, tambin queriendo ser doctores. En esta novela se caracterizan muchos elementos importantes de una novela romntica como la idealizacin de la naturaleza. La abstraccin del paisaje y la personificacin caracteriza gran parte de las novelas romnticas. La cuidad del Cauca donde el autor pas su niez y mayora de su vida es donde ocurre el romance, porque Mara fue adoptada por sus padres ella fue a vivir a esa casa. En que los dueos, y esclavos viven del amor cristiano. La convivencia es normal a pesar de la diferencia social y econmicamente. Igual que la idealizacin en esta novela el romanticismo est representado por varias formas. En ... ...a donde es posible estarlo en esa posicin. Isaacs expone su preocupacin por el realismo al prohibir la inhumanidad de lo que era la esclavitud. Las maneras de los personajes realistas se imponen en dos socios de Efran. Por ejemplo, Pude notar que mi padre, s in dejar de ser amo, daba un trato carioso a sus esclavos, se mostraba celoso por la buena conducta de sus esposas y acariciaba a los nios. Los personajes Carlos y Emigdio. Los nicos personajes romntica as son Mara y la mama de Efran. Efran tiene la personalidad de su creador con cierta idealizacin. El ser perfecto es grande en esta novela, la ambicin de Efran y su amor imposible hace que separe a los dos. El realismo se nota en esta novela por los personajes menores como los esclavos y la clase baja. Los actores secundarios estn presentados de una manera realista, y no idealizan nada romntico.

Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman Essay -- essays research papers

In Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, the protagonist Willy Lomans inability to live in and cope with the present ultimately destroys him. The atomic number 18 several constant themes and ideas through step up the play which show this. Willys inability to be successful according to his own standards is most problematical for him. The troublesome kin between Willy and his family also leads to a great deal of stress. And the constants flashbacks and disillusions Willy goes through to deal with these problems bring him further from reality and destroy him. The fact that Willy cannot be successful is peradventure his biggest problem. In escaping this reality he ultimately destroys himself. Willy says, I did 500 gross in Providence and 700 gross in Boston. No Wait a minute...that makes your agency $212, replies Linda Well I didnt figure it yet but...well I did about a hundred and eighty gross in Providence, answers Willy (11). To cover up for his miss of success at work, Willy lies about how he does. He tries to make himself seem successful when in reality he needs to find a ascendent to his problems. He tries to bargain with his boss to get a steady paying job because he cannot live on the commission he is making. If I could mint home - well $65 a week, I could swing it...All I need is $50 a week...If I had $40 a week - thats all I need, Willy begs his boss (24). His lack of success causes him to keep bargaining and will lead him to settle at just about anything. However the start out to get a regular paying job turns out nothing short of failure. Failures such as this lead to Willys being fired. I forefathert want you to represent us, Ive been meaning to tell you for a long time now, says Howard (26). This obviously destroys his work life. These mounting problems of being unsuccessful at work build up leading to him ultimately being fired. There are several ways in which Willy avoids his problems. First, rather then deal with such situations Willy is s tubborn and assumes things will take care of themselves. He uses this attitude when his long time friend Charley offers him a job. Charley says, I offered you a job. You can make $50 a week, and I wont send you on the road. Ive got a job,(30). Willys stubbornness wont let him deal with reality, causation him to turn down an offer to fix a major problem. He denies his problems rather then taking t... ...ot, and get right down the field infra the ball...because it is important son...(To Ben), Ben, Where do I?...How do I? (38). This is Willy as he leaves his home for the final time. He has a final hallucination with Ben and Biff. Then he realizes he is alone, but it is too tardy. The reality is finally realized yet Willy cannot handle it because he has avoided handling it for so long. The pile of unsolved problems is too a lot and Willy is destroyed. There are many troubling issues Willy faces throughout the play. His lack of success and work and his troubled family relationships hurt him. They destroy him literally. Rather then dealing with these issues he escapes into disillusionment, which proves costly to him. The constant flashbacks to his glory days and his dreams of being successful lead to his inability to settle his present problems. By the time that reality kicks in, it is too late for Willy to deal with it and instead he takes his life because his life is too far gone to fix. And even if it is possible, years of living back and forth in and out of reality have made him unable to know how to fix his life. The inability to accept the present has destroyed Willy Loman.

Concentration And Reaction Rate :: essays research papers

How concentration affects response rate.The aim of this investigation is to see how the concentration of a reactant in ratio to the reactor affects the rate of a reaction. When hydrochloric acid and Thiosulphate react together sulphur is liberated this nitty-gritty that as the reaction goes on the response will become yellow and will change from being transp bent to translucent to opaque. The sulphur is formed as a solid but non in the usual precipitation way.Na2 + S2 + 2HCL 2NaCl+SO2 + S2 +H2O To time the reaction I will draw a black cross on a snatch of plain paper on which the beaker of reactants will be placed (HCL and Thiosulphate). When the chemicals come into contact with each other I will start timing with a stopwatch and will stop timing when the cross is longer visible through the beaker from above.A reactionA chemical reaction between to chemicals arsehole only happen if their molecules can collide into each other. Out of many collisions there will be a few successf ul collisions, which means that the ii molecules will exchange electrons and that means that they sire reacted. These molecules have to hit each other in the right direction and at the right speed in short the rules for a successful collision are specific and complex. But if the number of collisions per second increase so will the number of successful collisions increase. This means that the rate of the reaction has increased. For a reaction to occur you also need the required activation competency which means that if there isnt enough the reaction wont take place although catalysts can lower this. Input VariablesCatalystConcentration of acid or thiosulphateTemperatureLightTemperatureIf you increase the amount of energy in a group of molecules the reaction rate will increase. When you give energy to molecules they tend to move about a bit more. And this means that if they are moving rapidly from place to place they are going to have a lot more collisions and because they are havi ng lots of collisions the chances are that they will have a successful collision a lot more quickly than if they werent.This basically means that reaction rate is increased as temperature increases.I deliberate that temperature is directly proportional to reaction rate.As you can see the graph is partly true to the above statement but gradually starts to curve off, this is because at a point the intense temperature will start to boil the liquids which means they will start to evaporate and concentration will be affected.

Shakespeares Macbeth - Appearance versus Reality - Quote Analysis :: essays research papers

Fair is foul, and foul is fair, a phrase that has become synonym with Macbeth. It is also the introduction to one of the roughly important themes of this tragedy appearance and reality. Shakespeare uses various characters and situations to emphasize this confusion between the real and the surreal, the authentic and the fake, the act and the sincere. In order to discuss this theme, different characters pass on be looked at in the first paragraph, the Witches, in the second, Duncan and in the third, Lady Macbeth.The Witches introduce the theme with the infamous phrase Fair is foul, and foul is fair (scene 1, air 11) in the first scene. Its functional for the Witches to say this in the beginning of the book, as they are the start of all the perplexity. They become the core of confusion when they fire Macbeths ambition and transform his perspective of good and evil, making bad things look good and good things look bad. Ironically in connection with this, Banquo warns Macbeth, lure us with honest trifles, to betrays In deepest consequence (1/3/125-126). The Witches continue to speak in contradicting language, such as lesser than Macbeth, and greater (1/3/65) and Not so happy, yet much happier (1/3/66) that adds to the sense of moral confusion, by implying that nothing is quite what it seems. Banquos warning is fulfilled at the abate of the play when the Witches had won Macbeths trust with prophecies that became true honest trifles- and then betray him in the things that really mattered, his life and his country -deepest consequence- to win his invigorate for hell.Until his death, King Duncan was misled by Macbeths false loyalty. When the Thane of Cawdor had been found guilty of being a traitor and was hanged, King Duncan thought so highly of Macbeth, that he gave the backup to him. The Thane then ironically dies with pride while Macbeth dies a foe of Scotland. The King was under the impression that Macbeth was a loyal and brave soldier, calling him O worthi est first cousin (1/4/14), but Macbeth was actually already planning to kill the King, whose murder yet is but fantastical (1/3/139). Even when Duncan goes to visit Macbeth, he praises the rooks pleasant environment and hospitality, This castle hath a pleasant seat (1/5/1), but is totally unaware of Macbeths plans to murder him.From the first judgment of conviction we meet Lady Macbeth, we get the impression of a strong-willed and bold person, an ideal wife.

Shakespeares Macbeth - Appearance versus Reality - Quote Analysis :: essays research papers

Fair is foul, and foul is fair, a phrase that has become synonym with Macbeth. It is also the introduction to one of the most(prenominal) important themes of this tragedy appearance and reality. Shakespeare uses various characters and situations to emphasize this confusion between the real and the surreal, the authentic and the fake, the act and the sincere. In order to discuss this theme, different characters depart be looked at in the first paragraph, the Witches, in the second, Duncan and in the third, Lady Macbeth.The Witches introduce the theme with the infamous phrase Fair is foul, and foul is fair (scene 1, epithelial duct 11) in the first scene. Its functional for the Witches to say this in the beginning of the book, as they are the start of all the perplexity. They become the core of confusion when they bring up Macbeths ambition and transform his perspective of good and evil, making bad things look good and good things look bad. Ironically in connection with this, Banq uo warns Macbeth, hit us with honest trifles, to betrays In deepest consequence (1/3/125-126). The Witches continue to speak in contradicting language, such as lesser than Macbeth, and greater (1/3/65) and Not so happy, yet much happier (1/3/66) that adds to the sense of moral confusion, by implying that nothing is quite what it seems. Banquos warning is fulfilled at the windup of the play when the Witches had won Macbeths trust with prophecies that became true honest trifles- and then betray him in the things that really mattered, his life and his country -deepest consequence- to win his look for hell.Until his death, King Duncan was misled by Macbeths false loyalty. When the Thane of Cawdor had been found guilty of being a traitor and was hanged, King Duncan thought so highly of Macbeth, that he gave the patronage to him. The Thane then ironically dies with pride while Macbeth dies a foe of Scotland. The King was under the impression that Macbeth was a loyal and brave soldier, calling him O worthiest first cousin (1/4/14), but Macbeth was actually already planning to kill the King, whose murder yet is but fantastical (1/3/139). Even when Duncan goes to visit Macbeth, he praises the fortresss pleasant environment and hospitality, This castle hath a pleasant seat (1/5/1), but is totally unaware of Macbeths plans to murder him.From the first succession we meet Lady Macbeth, we get the impression of a strong-willed and bold person, an ideal wife.

Gap Outsourcing in China

Companies want to utilize modern infrastructure and focus on their core strengths hill new(prenominal) professional firms handle their otherwise furrow processes (Lathering, 2007 2). The material Industry has been a fundamental driving force In chinas economy for many years. Outsourcing production to the Chinese manufacturers has arrest popular among other foreign firms in the recent past (Earns, 2006 362). This is especially beca routine the cloth industry is a labor intensive industry and firms prefer to outsource In mainland mainland China since It has large crime syndicate of cheap labor.The World Bank report of 2006 Indicated some of the close to suitable locations to Invest In china which re the south due east Coastal provinces, the Pearl river delta province of Gudgeon, all special economic zones and the province of Fijian (Yuan, 2008 20). Pestle epitome is a technique used to assist corporations in understanding the external environment In which they operate In the present and future. It helps an organization to assess the macroeconomic conditions surround it in order to make a business decision.It works more efficiently when used in conjunction with risk analysis, SOOT analysis, and urgency grid. Expert knowledge of the organization and its external surrounding Is also Important in pestle analysis. The word PESTLE was coined from political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, judicial, and environment factors that affect an organization. The main aim of conducting PESTLE analysis is to help in the analysis of the external environment and its effect on the organization (Institute of leadership & management 200723).In pestle analysis, we consider each of the external factors and how it is likely to impact on the organization. political factors The political science plays a major role in growth of businesses through policy formulations. These policies can affect an organization both positively and negatively. Although policies existing In C hina favor exports to China, sourcing remains the best tool to gain entry into the market. It is further renown for its low cost sourcing. pause Inc. Should consider the existing government policies and assess whether or not they favor the textile industry.Social factors Most of the Chinese working class lack global business experience due to fabianism mode of governance where the government provided almost everything especially in the past. Gap should aim to build good jurisprudences with both the local and international governments. It should also use sourcing as a means to penetrate the Chinese market. The composition of a country population has major effects on the performance of a business (Center & Edmonds, 2002 40). Outsourcing also requires high level of trust since It involves sharing financial information and actual transfer of cash (Chining, 2009127).Economic factors Chinas economy is more advantaged in comparison with most other developing I OFF countries. I Nils Is primarily Owe to Its tidally to allover Nell quality products Tanat meet he standards that are required by legislation and consumers in the European countries. It also provides ideal environment to source consumer products. The textile industry is also on the road to recovery due to the policy for revivification plans for the textile industry which was passed in 2009 Just after China regained economic growth.This has seen the textile industry overcome numerous difficulties and make new development (China textile network company, 2009 4). However, Chinas market is characterized by risks and GAP ships company should maintain flexibility and diversity when dealing with sourcing. Teaming up with local companies in China would help Gap in cost cutting. It would also aid with the knowledge on the domestic market as they would rather assists as partners rather than competitors (The outsourcing institute 2005).Legal factors The Chinese legal system does not adequately protect the IP right s. The outsourcing company should therefore understand the extent to which patents and trade secrets can be protected (Kennedy & Clark, 2006 1). Gap Company should therefore ensure that their legal rights are protected. Technology IT professionals graduating each year from China are approximately 200000, providing a strong technically skilled population. China is rapidly emerging as one of the worlds leading supplier in offshore software outsourcing due to its remarkable development rate.Its aim is to outshine India and become the dominant competitor (Shine technologies 2008). Gap Inc. Should take advantage of this emerging strength and go ahead to outsource its textile manufacturing services in China as well as looking into ways to benefit from Chinas current software strengths since for any company to succeed in the modern market, it has to utilize highly go technology. Environmental factors China has a developed IT structure, networks, and infrastructure. It has massive telecomm unication expansions making it more suitable for an industry growth.China also has the advantage of having a large pool of inexpensive skilled labor. Companies can benefit from the China market by taking advantage of and cut costs that are up to approximately 50-60% (Shine technologies, 2008). However, the textile industry in China has constantly been on the spotlight due to its massive negative effects on the environment. Prices of clothing and fabric imported to the U. S have been falling ever since 1995. The Chinese textile companies have been known to cut costs of production by dumping wastes into rivers causing massive pollution. U.S sell textile industry on the other hand is struggling to prevent environmental issues that have caused them consumer backlash in the past. The textile industry in China is one of the dirtiest industries in the country. Heavy metals and carcinogens contain high levels of organic materials causing much damage to the environment. Gap therefore should consider this as a drawback when opting to outsource in China nice this pollution may eventually lead to emergence of social movements that will rise against environmental degradation by textile industries leading to considerable reduction in sales.

Acquaintance Rape

Running Head ACQUAINTANCE RAPE Acquaintance Rape It Could Happen To Anyone Abstract Anyone discharge be a dupe of acquaintance irreverence. It does non matter if the victim is musical compositionful or female, old or young it support still happen. retributive by being at a party full of friends or even going on a date with a significant other, anyone is at risk of infection. It is never the victims fault. There is no possible way to live on when or to whom it recover expose happen. Acquaintance Rape It Could Happen To Anyone We are taught take upt give rise ravishd, rather than dont thwart. Rape is defined as an act of sexual intercourse without legal concur (Harrison, 1996, p. ). The word rape is derived from the Latin word rapere, meaning to steal, seize, or carry away (Katz & Mazur, 1979, p. 10). There is more than(prenominal) than one casing of rape they are all considered rape, but by contrasting standards. For example, acquaintance rape refers to rape by a soulfulness cognize to the victim. Statutory rape means that one of the parties involved is under the age of consent, which varies from the ages of 14 all the way up to 20. Rape by deception is disembowelting the victim to fit under false pretenses. Regardless of which role it whitethorn be, it is all considered rape.In America, a rape occurs every six minutes (Keller, 1996, p. 312). Rape is rape, whether it is by a complete stranger or by someone cognise to the victim. There are some common questions people think about when discussing the topic of rape, such as How can I tell who is a raper and who is not? What kinds of people thump raped? Do the victims know their aggressors or are they strangers? Can adult malepower shoot for raped? Are women rapists too? Who is to blame, the victim or the attacker? Is it still rape if I am in a relationship with the person? Why are women the weaker or safer tar explicate?Is rape excusable? Do they deserve it? How can we eliminate rape? Unfortunately, at that place is no way to tell who is a rapist and who is not just by tone at the person. It could be a boyfriend, a t from each oneer, a friend, a classmate, or even just someone who lives next door. Even though there is no way to physically determine who is a rapist and who is not, there are certain behaviors that they portray that can make it easier to spot them. One of the master(prenominal) goals of the attacker is to increase the victims vulner efficiency. If the victim is vulnerable whence she allow be easier to control.The attackers use the vulnerability to their wages they may homophileipulate the victim to be alone with them, in which case it would be easier to rape them. Because of her personal relationship with the attacker, however casual, it oftentimes takes a charwoman longer to perceive an carry out as rape when it involved a man she knows than it does when a stranger assaults her. Acquaintance rape could happen to anyone. There is n ot a certain type of person that gets raped. more people believe that women who wear provocative, or revealing, attire or women that are a tease are more potential to get raped than people who dress and act more modestly.A tease, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, means to tantalize especially by arousing desire or curiosity often without intending to satisfy it. But the truth is, it does not matter what the victim is wearing or the manner in which they are acting it can still happen. When most people hear the word rape, it is believed to be by a big guy in an alley that is going to rape and beat them. Just by going to a friends house or going to a party surrounded by peers there is a greater risk of getting raped there than by a random stranger on the street. some acquaintance rapes happen on college campuses, thirty-eight percentage of women who had been raped were mingled with the ages of 14 and 17 at the time of their assaults (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 117). In a su rvey of 32 college campuses, 1 in 4 women surveyed were victims of rape or attempted rape. Of those raped, 84 percent knew their attacker (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 11). Men and women are four times more likely to get raped by someone they know rather than a stranger. Seventy to cardinal percent of rape crimes are acquaintance rapes (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 2). Many people do not believe that men can get raped, or that women could be rapists. Usually men are raped by other men, but there are some instances where women do rape men. Women rape children more than grown men. It has been calculated that approximately ten percent of victims going to rape centers are males even though men are far less likely to actually seek help or even obtain it was rape (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 98). But men are not immune, sixteen percent of male college students admit to having been forced into rape (Keller, 1996, p. 312). or so of the time when men are raped, it is by people they do not know in or der to establish power and maleness when there is no other way to express power (Hopkins, 1984, p. 46). Ninety-eight point seven percent of all rapists are male, but of those only eighty percent are over the age of 21 (Harrison, 1996). But men can still be raped by people know to them also. some male rapes are heterosexual rapes. When men rape it is because they are trying to establish dominance. Rape is not the unleashing of male desire it is rather the articulation of male meaning (Hopkins, 1984, p. 42).In acquaintance rapes, many people believe that since the attacker is known to the victim then is not sincerely considered rape. Many acquaintance rapes happen because of miscommunication. The man may think that the woman was suggesting or hinting at sex with her attire or actions whereas, the woman may commit no idea that the man feels that way. It is not the victim that causes the rape (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 22). Many people believe that the women could stool prevented the rape if they knew who the attacker was. The truth is there is no way to determine who is going to get raped only the attacker knows. near people control a gut feeling when it comes to new people, and many just push it aside until something bad happens, and then the feeling comes back again. If a woman goes on a date or is with friends and they get that gut feeling again, then it could possibly end badly. tidy sum do not know what is going to happen to them every second of their lives. There is no way to know who it get out happen to or when it will occur and by whom. An evening planned with friends could all go awry without any warning. A victim usually doesnt think that someone they know would even consider raping them.So the attacker is to blame because they are the ones who planned it. In a relationship, if the significant other says no it is still considered rape if the attacker proceeds. Most people dont think that rapes occur between people in a relationship. Men have been taught that women resist sex to avoid looking promiscuous by indulging in casual and indiscriminate sexual relationships. Men think that women will al slipway say no even if they really mean yes many women want a strong dominant leader, some men take advantage of this.Sex to men can become an addiction which can cause them to thrive after it. Sex may become a need instead of a pleasure. If a mans main rivet is sex then it is easier to rape and not consider it as so. Many men have resorted to using violence to get what they want, and it may not be with any form of weapon, but men are generally larger and stronger than females. Seventy-one percent of rape victims report the use of a weapon (Harrison, 1996). If women have been in an abusive relationship it may be harder to admit it was rape due to the fear they already have towards their partner.After being in an abusive relationship, the woman may become desensitized. Desensitization means to decrease the abnormal fear in (a person) of a stance or object, by exposing him to it either in man or in his imagination. Once the woman starts to desensitize, it may become easier for the man to rape her because she may not fight back as lots because it is the type of behavior she may be used to from the relationship. If the attacker is a former partner then the man may not consider it rape because he is establishing old rights.If the couple had sex in their relationship and then broke up then the man feels that he should still get sex from her. He may not only want to have sex though, he might want a relationship again and think that having sex will mean that she wants him back. He may just be trying to get back at her if she is the one who ended the relationship in the first place. Most women would not have gone back out with the person if they were able to clearly recognize it was rape in the first place (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 64).Eighty-four percent of men who had committed rape verbalise that what they did wa s definitely not rape (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 90). Women are the safer target for attackers because they are less likely to report the rape, especially if the attacker is known to the victim. There are anywhere between five hundred twenty-five thousand to two million additional rapes are believed to go unreport every year (Harrison, 1996). Women are unknowingly taught to be safe targets. Many women are thought of as passive and weak so that is what they believe, so when a situation arises they do not know what to do.Seven main reactions that victims have which classify them as safe victims are denial, dissociation, self-blame, ignoring the little voice, not fighting back, not describe the attack, and becoming a victim again (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 54-63). In a study done on acquaintance rape victims forty-two percent of women who were raped said they had sex again with the men who assaulted them (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 63). Acquaintance rape has become more frequent in todays society. Rapes between men and women who know each other are happening in big cities, small towns, and rural areas.They occur among all ethnic and religious groups, regardless of education or wealth. Many of the rapes are rooted in the social behavior men and women learn (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 35). Societys attitude is that if a person dresses provocatively or is under the influence of drugs or alcoholic drink, then the victim must endure the consequences of their actions. In the majority of rapes, the victim was promiscuous or had a bad reputation (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 45). When a woman is drinking, even if she is not drunk, some men believe that the rape is justifiable because good girls do not drink.About seventy-five percent of men and at least fifty-five percent of women involved in acquaintance rapes had been drinking or taking drugs just before the attack. Forty-five percent of all reported rapes involved drugs and/or alcohol sixty-six percent for alcohol, fourteen percent for drugs, and fifteen percent for both drugs and alcohol (Harrison, 1996). Alcohol and drugs can alter the senses. mend on drugs there may be hallucinations or black outs, and with alcohol the brain cells start to slow down and vision starts to become impaired.Men take advantage of these effects. If a womans vision is impaired then she will not be able to fully see the attacker which means she cannot see him. If the woman is blacked out she has no way of even knowing what is happening to her and cannot identify the attacker because she has no memory of what happened during the black out. At a blockade it is easy to drink too much and not remember anything. Being raped is not something to take lightly, but if the victim cannot remember anything then it will be harder to believe their story.Attackers do not want to be considered rapists but if the victim does not defend themself or say no then the attacker does not see it as actual rape. Women under the influence are easie r to take advantage of because they will not fight back as much because they may not even know what is happening. Forty percent of men and eighteen percent of women agree that the degree of a womans defense should be the major factor in determining if the rape has occurred (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 6). But with drugs and alcohol a woman may not even be conscious(p) so she would not be able to resist the attack. Research shows that todays society will go to many lengths to justify rape. Some of these ways are if the woman invites the man out on the date, the man pays for the date, she dresses suggestively by wearing revealing attire, they go to his place rather than to a movie, or she drinks alcohol or does drugs (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 43). In a study conducted by Martha R.Burt involving 598 Minnesota adults more than fifty percent agreed that if a woman goes to the home or flat of a man on the first date, then she is implying that she is willing to have sex (Warshaw & Koss, 198 8, p. 45). Research shows that men may feel led on or mislead, whereas the woman may not even know that the actions being portrayed as sexual. In Eugene Kanins observation, sexually aggressive college men believed that their aggression was justifiable if the woman was a tease (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 45).In a survey of four hundred undergraduate students, fifty percent male and fifty percent female, conducted by Nona J. Barnett showed that seventeen percent of men and four percent of women agreed that when a woman was raped, she was asking for it also fifty-nine percent of men and thirty-eight percent of women agree that women provoke rape by their appearance or behavior (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 46). Some women may express with their body language, actions, clothing, or words that they are willing to have sex but later on they may change their mind.When a woman agrees to kissing or other sexual touching a man may feel that she is also willing to have sex, even if she never actuall y says that she does. If a woman is willing to do sexual things a man may feel that she is willing to have sex. One minute she might be saying yes and then the next she might be saying no and pushing him away. A man in the moment may not think anything of her actions and proceed. But if it happens before the partners have intercourse then these mixed signals may make the man angry, especially if he has already become aroused.Some men assume that if the person has had sex with them before then they are willing to have sex every time. Men are not mind readers if a woman does not want to have sex then she needs to verbally let him know because he will not know any other way. Some people hope that improving the womans ability to clearly communicate what she wants will naturally lead men to understand how to proceed with their actions. This leads us to the common question of How can we eliminate acquaintance rape? There is no way to entirely eliminate acquaintance rape, but by changing s ocietys view of dont get raped rather than dont rape, then more people would become aware of the issue and help to lessen the number of victims because of the newfound knowledge of the subject. Women are indeed the weaker sex, but with knowledge of the subject it would be easier to be more aware of the possibilities. If more people are aware, then more people will take precautions. If societys attitude changed, then it would be easier for women to defend themselves.Women can defend themselves by taking karate classes, Tai kwon do, carrying a weapon, or taking self-defense classes. If women knew about acquaintance rape in more detail and knew that society was not against them, then more women would confess to it. Most women do not report this kind of rape, especially if their attacker is known to them. Acquaintance is the most prevalent rape crime today. Seventy to eighty percent of all rape crimes are acquaintance rapes (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 12). One in four women has been raped . A large selection of men and women believe that some women deserve to get raped.Sometimes the attacker may feel that the victim deserved it or were asking for it. In an interview with Shelby Bengston when the question was asked, Do you think it is wrong for a person to be raped because he or she went into the house or vehicle of a friend or acquaintance? Her response was I dont think it is right, but I do think they were asking for it. In a protest walk against sexual harassment at Princeton University, as the 200 marchers passed in front of several all-male eating clubs, they had cups of beer hurled at them along with cries of Go get raped (Warshaw & Koss, 1988, p. 46).Most people wont come out and say that people deserve to get raped but if people are getting raped then obviously the attacker feels that the victim deserves it. How do we determine who deserves to be raped? Do we only wish it upon the promiscuous? Or on the people we despise? Who are we to judge if someone shou ld get raped or not. No matter the reason, nobody deserves it. Whether the victim was under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or whether they wear provocative attire every person has rights and deserves to be treated with respect. Rape is violence, not seduction. References Bengston, Shelby. Personal interview. 12 Mar. 012 Harrison, M. (1996). The rape reference A resource for people at risk. San Diego, Calif. Excellent Books. Hopkins, J. (1984). Perspectives on rape and sexual assault. London Harper & Row. Katz, S. , & Mazur, M. A. (1979). Understanding the rape victim A synthesis of research findings. New York Wiley. Keller, K. (1996). Date rape Ultimate issues ed. , p. 312) Students Life industriousness Bible. Wheaton, Illinois Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.. Warshaw, R. , Koss, M. P. (1988). I never called it rape the Ms. Report on recognizing, fighting, and surviving date and acquaintance rape. New York Harper Row.

Forests

INTRODUCTION TheWild purport in Indiais a mix of species of incompatible fibers of organisms. The lumbers of India argon ancient in nature and composition. Indian people need to fuck off more than erroneous manners education. They atomic number 18 rich in variety and shelter a roomy roll out of flora and fauna and insects. The fact they ask existed from time gray is substantiated from the ancient texts e rattling(prenominal) of which thrust some mention of the timbers. Even today in split of India the sacred timberlands exist and be worshiped. The wild support in India is equ bothy assorted and rich.From big animals like elephants and tiger and deers and bisons to small reptiles the Indian forests argon teeming with life force. merely unfortunately most Indians dont under bag the enormousness of this rich wealth of forest and wildlife India has. Felling of tress and illegal poaching of animals are fast depleting the forest and wild life wealth of India. So effo rts must be taken to stop these malpractices and uphold the forest and wild life of India. KINDS OF NATURAL RESOURCES Natural resources are resources in the milieu that have non been disturbed by mankind.By resource, one refers to whatever physical entity which has limited availability. These resources occur in their inherent form. Few examples are as follows 1. Air, rear, and automated teller machine 2. Plants (Flora) 3. Animals (Fauna) 4. Agronomy (the science of using plants for food, give the sack, feed, and fiber) 5. Wildlife 6. forestry and Agroforestry 7. Coal and fossil fuels 8. set up and pasture 9. Soils 10. Water, oceans, lakes, and rivers nearthing that people ecumenicly arent aware of is that everything we use in everyday life is derived from congenital resources.For example, milk, which comes from cows, ve ticktockables that come from plants, salt which is a mineral, etc. timber that we express from tree is another example. It can be utilise to build a house, suffer paper, displace in fireplaces and in stoves for cooking, etc. FOREST RESOURCES Forests have a tremendous importance to the humankinds. They constitute important components of our surroundings. Forests are important renewable inseparable resource. Forest ecosystem is dominated by trees, the species varying in different parts of the origination. Forests are intimately linked with our culture and civilization.The chief products which forests supply is wood which is used as fuel raw materials, new materials for various industries as pulp, paper, board, plywood, timber for piece of furniture items. Forests influence flood conditions by intercepting surface run-off infiltration, evaporation, and most importantly provide capable habitats for a number of important plant and animal species and this befriend in master(prenominal)taining a broad genetic base from which future strains of species could be developed. Forests also have aesthetic and tourist values. Forest resources play an important role in the development of regions, states and nations. SOIL EROSIONSoil erosion is when the undercoat isblown outdoor(a)by the wind orwashed awayby the rain. Soil erosion is prevalent in ranges with steep slopes, where trees have been cut down, in droughts when figure outs and other vegetation grows severely and in agrestic areas which are everywherepopulated. Nepal, in the Himalayan Mountains, has severe problems caused by increased population denseness and steep slopes. Soil erosion can be decreased by building terraces on hillsides, irrigation schemes to all overcome droughts, planting more trees to halt the soil together and blade wind breaks, and using fertilisers in overpopulated areas to give way the soil more fertile.It is very important that the farming techniques used do not damage the structure of the soil, as this makes it easily eroded. Good farming techniques implicate physique ploughing, crop rotation and keeping the soil r ich in humus. THINGS WE take in FROM FOREST Treesare amazing They provide beauty, shade, oxygen, clean air and water, fruit, nuts and wood products much(prenominal) as paper, furniture and housing. These benefits are well make don. But did you know that literally thousands of products are made from trees? Many are surprisingFrom the medicine levodopa for treating shaking palsy Disease, to film in your camera, forest products are all almost us. When Trees are usedto make lumber and plywood, on that point are leftover chips, scrape sawdust. The chips and sawdust are made into wood pulp for paper and other products. not too long ago, those leftovers would have been burned as waste. Bark is used for landscaping, and to set out electricity for paper and lumber mills. Modern forest products operations are very efficient at using every part of a tree. Nothing is wasted. timberis made of tiny fibers(cellulose)and the natural glue that holds them together(lignin).When wood is fals e into pulp for paper, heat and chemicals dissolve the lignin and release the cellulose fibers. Byproducts of this process are used in asphalt, paint, chewing gum, detergents and turpentine. TYPES OF FOREST Piece of land that is thickly bandaginged with trees is the general of definition of a forest. Forest is also cognise as woods, weald or woodlands. Forests screenland approximately 30% of land and 9. 4% of all the planet earth. They are also responsible for regulating our planets climate and act as large purifiers of airs, by absorbing carbon dioxide, and giving out oxygen.Types of forests are classified other than from one and another depending upon the species developed with the age of forests, soil found in those forests, the minginess of trees and history of the geological region. So forests are divided into following main types * Tropical forest * Sub tropical forest * Plantations * Boreal Forest * temperate forest * Seasonal or monsoon forest CONSERVATION OF FOREST Our government has also made laws to prevent unnecessary felling of trees. Government has decided to declare real forests as protected areas. These protected areas are called Reserves or wild livelihood Sanctuaries.Here no one is allowed to hunt animals. There are about cl wild life sanctuaries in India. People come from all over the world to see these sanctuaries. They consist of some of the most beautiful and rare animals. The largest recourse is in West Bengal. It is called the Sunderbans. This mental hospital is famous for its Bengal tigers. The other well known sanctuaries are Kaziranga in Assam, in Gujarat, Bundipur in Karnataka, Kanha in Madhya Pradesh. Corbetf in Uttar Pradesh, Palamau in Bihar and Periyar in Kerala. The Government has made plans to grow more trees. wagon trainmahotsava is celebrated every socio-economic class to plant more trees. Thousands of school children participate in the Van-mahotsava and plant trees every year. Chipko exploit and Narmada Bachao A ndolan are some of the movements to save forests and wild life in India. Chipko figurehead was started by Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna in Tehri District of Uttar Pradesh. The women of a village in Tehri clung to the trees and protected them from creation cut down. Shrimati Medha Patekar started a consummation named Narmada Bachao Andolan to save the forests and wild life in the Narmada region.DEFORESTATION Deforestation,clearanceorclearingis the remotion of a forest or stand of trees where the land is there later converted to a nonforest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. About half of the worlds original forests had been destroyed by 2011, the majority during the previous 50 years. Since 1990 half of the worldsrain forestshave been destroyed. much than half of the animal and plant species in the world live in tropical forests.The termdeforestationis often misused to describe any drill where all trees in an area are rem oved. However intemperate climates, theremoval of all trees in an area in conformance withsustainable forestrypracticesis right on described as change harvest. Intemperate mesic climates, natural regeneration of forest stands often will not occur in the absence seizure of disturbance, whether natural or anthropogenic. Furthermore, biodiversity after regeneration harvest often mimics that found after natural disturbance, including biodiversity loss after by nature occurring rainforest destruction.Deforestation occurs for many reasons trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form ofcharcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used aspasturefor livestock, plantations of commodities, and settlements. AFFORESTATION Afforestationis the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no forest. Reforestationis the reestablishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting).Many governments and non-governmental organizations instantaneously act on in programs ofafforestationto create forests, increasecarbon captureandsequestration, and help to anthropogenically improvebiodiversity. (In the UK, afforestation may mean converting the legal status of some land to kinglike forest. ) Special tools, e. g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster. Less than 0,5% of southerly Africa is covered by indigenous forests. Owing to their leaden harvest-home and sensitivity to logging, these forests cannot supply the majority of our countrys wood requirements.Additional fast-growing trees are planted to cater for the demand for wood products. Commercial forests, or plantations, cover 1,1% of South Africa. VANAMAHOTSAVA Van=forests mahotsava=festival So vanamahotsava is the festival of forests. The day to remind all of us that we should take care of priceless forests. Vanamahotsava is a big celebration day for forest off icials, forest rangers, DFOs, employees, and their contractors, suppliers, mahaldars etc. On this day they all get together and take decision n promise for the coming year and appear the arrange years gross income.On this day they enquire about their deposit in the bank, the deposit which is said to be their side income, happens to b their monthly net profit and impart their family segment to the bank to meet the branch manager to enquire how to make fixed deposits in some Alias name. Actually they not require the meagre salary they do as their legitimate income, when they earn daily in multiples of that. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES Indiahas over 441animal sanctuaries, referred to asWildlife sanctuaries(IUCNCategory IV protected Area). Among these, the 28TigerReservesare governed byProject Tiger, and are of specific significance in the preservation of thetiger. Some wildlife sanctuaries are specifically namedBird insane asylum, e. g. Keoladeo bailiwick posebefore attained subjec t area Park status. Many National Parks were initially Wildlife Sanctuaries. Wildlife sanctuaries of national importance to conservation, usually due to some flagship faunal species, are namedNational Wildlife Sanctuary, likeNational Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuaryfor conserving theGharial(1978) NATIONAL PARKSAnational leafy vegetableis a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns. It is most commonly anatural park. Although individual nations indicate their own national parks differently, an external organization, theInternational Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has delimit National Park as itsCategory IItype ofprotected areas. While ideas for this type of national park had been suggested previously, the United States established the early such one,Yellowstone National Park, in 1872.The largest national park in the world meeting the IUCN definition is theNortheast Greenlan d National Park, which was established in 1974. According to the IUCN, there were 6,555 national parks planetary in 2006 that meet its criteria. INTRODUCTION TheWildlife in Indiais a mix of species of different types of organisms. The forests of India are ancient in nature and composition. Indian people need to have more wildlife education. They are rich in variety and shelter a wide range of flora and fauna and insects.The fact they have existed from time immemorial is substantiated from the ancient texts all of which have some mention of the forests. Even today in parts of India the sacred forests exist and are worshiped. The wildlife in India is equally diverse and rich. From big animals like elephants and tiger and deers and bisons to small reptiles the Indian forests are teeming with life force. But unfortunately most Indians dont understand the importance of this rich wealth of forest and wildlife India has. Felling of tress and illegal poaching of animals are fast depleting the forest and wild life wealth of India.So efforts must be taken to stop these malpractices and conserve the forest and wild life of India. KINDS OF NATURAL RESOURCES Natural resources are resources in the environment that have not been disturbed by mankind. By resource, one refers to any physical entity which has limited availability. These resources occur in their natural form. Few examples are as follows 1. Air, wind, and atmosphere 2. Plants (Flora) 3. Animals (Fauna) 4. Agronomy (the science of using plants for food, fuel, feed, and fiber) 5. Wildlife 6. Forestry and Agroforestry 7. Coal and fossil fuels 8. Range and pasture . Soils 10. Water, oceans, lakes, and rivers Something that people generally arent aware of is that everything we use in everyday life is derived from natural resources. For example, milk, which comes from cows, vegetables that come from plants, salt which is a mineral, etc. Wood that we get from tree is another example. It can be used to build a house, ma ke paper, burn in fireplaces and in stoves for cooking, etc. FOREST RESOURCES Forests have a tremendous importance to the humans. They constitute important components of our environment. Forests are important renewable natural resource.Forest ecosystem is dominated by trees, the species varying in different parts of the world. Forests are intimately linked with our culture and civilization. The chief products which forests supply is wood which is used as fuel raw materials, new materials for various industries as pulp, paper, board, plywood, timber for furniture items. Forests influence flood conditions by intercepting surface run-off infiltration, evaporation, and most importantly provide adequate habitats for a number of important plant and animal species and this help in maintaining a broad genetic base from which future strains of species could be developed.Forests also have aesthetic and tourist values. Forest resources play an important role in the development of regions, sta tes and nations. SOIL EROSION Soil erosion is when the soil isblown awayby the wind orwashed awayby the rain. Soil erosion is common in areas with steep slopes, where trees have been cut down, in droughts when crops and other vegetation grows poorly and in rural areas which are overpopulated. Nepal, in the Himalayan Mountains, has severe problems caused by increased population density and steep slopes.Soil erosion can be reduced by building terraces on hillsides, irrigation schemes to overcome droughts, planting more trees to bind the soil together and make wind breaks, and using fertilisers in overpopulated areas to make the soil more fertile. It is very important that the farming techniques used do not damage the structure of the soil, as this makes it easily eroded. Good farming techniques include contour ploughing, crop rotation and keeping the soil rich in humus. THINGS WE GET FROM FOREST Treesare amazing They provide beauty, shade, oxygen, clean air and water, fruit, nuts and wood products such as paper, furniture and housing.These benefits are well known. But did you know that literally thousands of products are made from trees? Many are surprising From the medicine L-Dopa for treating Parkinsons Disease, to film in your camera, forest products are all around us. When Trees are usedto make lumber and plywood, there are leftover chips, bark sawdust. The chips and sawdust are made into wood pulp for paper and other products. Not too long ago, those leftovers would have been burned as waste. Bark is used for landscaping, and to generate electricity for paper and lumber mills.Modern forest products operations are very efficient at using every part of a tree. Nothing is wasted. Woodis made of tiny fibers(cellulose)and the natural glue that holds them together(lignin). When wood is turned into pulp for paper, heat and chemicals dissolve the lignin and release the cellulose fibers. Byproducts of this process are used in asphalt, paint, chewing gum, detergents and turpentine. TYPES OF FOREST Piece of land that is thickly covered with trees is the general of definition of a forest. Forest is also known as woods, weald or woodlands. Forests cover approximately 30% of land and 9. 4% of all the planet earth.They are also responsible for regulating our planets climate and act as large purifiers of airs, by absorbing carbon dioxide, and giving out oxygen. Types of forests are classified differently from one and another depending upon the species developed with the age of forests, soil found in those forests, the density of trees and history of the geological region. So forests are divided into following main types * Tropical forest * Sub tropical forest * Plantations * Boreal Forest * equable forest * Seasonal or monsoon forest CONSERVATION OF FOREST Our Government has also made laws to prevent unnecessary felling of trees.Government has decided to declare certain forests as protected areas. These protected areas are called Reserves or wild Li fe Sanctuaries. Here no one is allowed to hunt animals. There are about one hundred fifty wild life sanctuaries in India. People come from all over the world to see these sanctuaries. They consist of some of the most beautiful and rare animals. The largest sanctuary is in West Bengal. It is called the Sunderbans. This sanctuary is famous for its Bengal tigers. The other well known sanctuaries are Kaziranga in Assam, in Gujarat, Bundipur in Karnataka, Kanha in Madhya Pradesh.Corbetf in Uttar Pradesh, Palamau in Bihar and Periyar in Kerala. The Government has made plans to grow more trees. Vanmahotsava is celebrated every year to plant more trees. Thousands of school children participate in the Van-mahotsava and plant trees every year. Chipko Movement and Narmada Bachao Andolan are some of the movements to save forests and wild life in India. Chipko Movement was started by Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna in Tehri District of Uttar Pradesh. The women of a village in Tehri clung to the trees a nd protected them from cosmos cut down.Shrimati Medha Patekar started a Movement named Narmada Bachao Andolan to save the forests and wild life in the Narmada region. DEFORESTATION Deforestation,clearanceorclearingis the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. About half of the worlds original forests had been destroyed by 2011, the majority during the previous 50 years. Since 1990 half of the worldsrain forestshave been destroyed. More than half of the animal and plant species in the world live in tropical forests.The termdeforestationis often misused to describe any activity where all trees in an area are removed. However intemperate climates, theremoval of all trees in an area in conformance withsustainable forestrypracticesis correctly described asregeneration harvest. Intemperate mesic climates, natural regeneration of forest stan ds often will not occur in the absence of disturbance, whether natural or anthropogenic. Furthermore, biodiversity after regeneration harvest often mimics that found after natural disturbance, including biodiversity loss after naturally occurring rainforest destruction.Deforestation occurs for many reasons trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form ofcharcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used aspasturefor livestock, plantations of commodities, and settlements. AFFORESTATION Afforestationis the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no forest. Reforestationis the reestablishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting).Many governments and non-governmental organizations directly engage in programs ofafforestationto create forests, increasecarbon captureandsequestration, and help to anthropogenically improvebiodiversity. (In the UK, aff orestation may mean converting the legal status of some land to royal forest. ) Special tools, e. g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster. Less than 0,5% of South Africa is covered by indigenous forests. Owing to their slow growth and sensitivity to logging, these forests cannot supply the majority of our countrys wood requirements.Additional fast-growing trees are planted to cater for the demand for wood products. Commercial forests, or plantations, cover 1,1% of South Africa. VANAMAHOTSAVA Van=forests mahotsava=festival So vanamahotsava is the festival of forests. The day to remind all of us that we should take care of priceless forests. Vanamahotsava is a big celebration day for forest officials, forest rangers, DFOs, employees, and their contractors, suppliers, mahaldars etc. On this day they all get together and take decision n promise for the coming year and calculate the present years gross income.On this day they enquire about their deposit in the bank, the deposit which is said to be their side income, happens to b their monthly salary and send their family member to the bank to meet the branch manager to enquire how to make fixed deposits in some Alias name. Actually they not require the meagre salary they earn as their legitimate income, when they earn daily in multiples of that. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES Indiahas over 441animal sanctuaries, referred to asWildlife sanctuaries(IUCNCategory IVProtected Area).Among these, the 28Tiger Reservesare governed byProject Tiger, and are of special significance in the conservation of thetiger. Some wildlife sanctuaries are specifically namedBird Sanctuary, e. g. Keoladeo National Parkbefore attained National Park status. Many National Parks were initially Wildlife Sanctuaries. Wildlife sanctuaries of national importance to conservation, usually due to some flagship faunal species, are namedNational Wildlife Sanctuary, likeNational Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuaryfor conserving theGharial(1978) NATIONAL PARKSAnational parkis a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns. It is most commonly anatural park. Although individual nations designate their own national parks differently, an supranational organization, theInternational Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has defined National Park as itsCategory IItype ofprotected areas. While ideas for this type of national park had been suggested previously, the United States established the first such one,Yellowstone National Park, in 1872.The largest national park in the world meeting the IUCN definition is theNortheast Greenland National Park, which was established in 1974. According to the IUCN, there were 6,555 national parks worldwide in 2006 that meet its criteria. CONCLUSION Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects ofhuman activityonwildlife. The science o f extinction. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living being that is at the danger of becoming extinct because of several reasons. Either they are few in number or are threatened by the varying environmental or predation parameters.The endangered species in India have been identified by different national and international organisations like the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Wildlife prove of India (WII). INTRODUCTION TheWildlife in Indiais a mix of species of different types of organisms. The forests of India are ancient in nature and composition. Indian people need to have more wildlife education. They are rich in variety and shelter a wide range of flora and fauna and insects.The fact they have existed from time immemorial is substantiated from the ancient texts all of which have some mention of the forests. Even today in parts of India the sacred forests exist and are worshiped . The wildlife in India is equally diverse and rich. From big animals like elephants and tiger and deers and bisons to small reptiles the Indian forests are teeming with life force. But unfortunately most Indians dont understand the importance of this rich wealth of forest and wildlife India has. Felling of tress and illegal poaching of animals are fast depleting the forest and wild life wealth of India.So efforts must be taken to stop these malpractices and conserve the forest and wild life of India. KINDS OF NATURAL RESOURCES Natural resources are resources in the environment that have not been disturbed by mankind. By resource, one refers to any physical entity which has limited availability. These resources occur in their natural form. Few examples are as follows 1. Air, wind, and atmosphere 2. Plants (Flora) 3. Animals (Fauna) 4. Agronomy (the science of using plants for food, fuel, feed, and fiber) 5. Wildlife 6. Forestry and Agroforestry 7. Coal and fossil fuels 8. Range and pasture . Soils 10. Water, oceans, lakes, and rivers Something that people generally arent aware of is that everything we use in everyday life is derived from natural resources. For example, milk, which comes from cows, vegetables that come from plants, salt which is a mineral, etc. Wood that we get from tree is another example. It can be used to build a house, make paper, burn in fireplaces and in stoves for cooking, etc. FOREST RESOURCES Forests have a tremendous importance to the humans. They constitute important components of our environment. Forests are important renewable natural resource.Forest ecosystem is dominated by trees, the species varying in different parts of the world. Forests are intimately linked with our culture and civilization. The chief products which forests supply is wood which is used as fuel raw materials, new materials for various industries as pulp, paper, board, plywood, timber for furniture items. Forests influence flood conditions by intercepting surf ace run-off infiltration, evaporation, and most importantly provide suitable habitats for a number of important plant and animal species and this help in maintaining a broad genetic base from which future strains of species could be developed.Forests also have aesthetic and tourist values. Forest resources play an important role in the development of regions, states and nations. SOIL EROSION Soil erosion is when the soil isblown awayby the wind orwashed awayby the rain. Soil erosion is common in areas with steep slopes, where trees have been cut down, in droughts when crops and other vegetation grows poorly and in rural areas which are overpopulated. Nepal, in the Himalayan Mountains, has severe problems caused by increased population density and steep slopes.Soil erosion can be reduced by building terraces on hillsides, irrigation schemes to overcome droughts, planting more trees to bind the soil together and make wind breaks, and using fertilisers in overpopulated areas to make th e soil more fertile. It is very important that the farming techniques used do not damage the structure of the soil, as this makes it easily eroded. Good farming techniques include contour ploughing, crop rotation and keeping the soil rich in humus. THINGS WE GET FROM FOREST Treesare amazing They provide beauty, shade, oxygen, clean air and water, fruit, nuts and wood products such as paper, furniture and housing.These benefits are well known. But did you know that literally thousands of products are made from trees? Many are surprising From the medicine L-Dopa for treating Parkinsons Disease, to film in your camera, forest products are all around us. When Trees are usedto make lumber and plywood, there are leftover chips, bark sawdust. The chips and sawdust are made into wood pulp for paper and other products. Not too long ago, those leftovers would have been burned as waste. Bark is used for landscaping, and to generate electricity for paper and lumber mills.Modern forest products operations are very efficient at using every part of a tree. Nothing is wasted. Woodis made of tiny fibers(cellulose)and the natural glue that holds them together(lignin). When wood is turned into pulp for paper, heat and chemicals dissolve the lignin and release the cellulose fibers. Byproducts of this process are used in asphalt, paint, chewing gum, detergents and turpentine. TYPES OF FOREST Piece of land that is thickly covered with trees is the general of definition of a forest. Forest is also known as woods, weald or woodlands. Forests cover approximately 30% of land and 9. 4% of all the planet earth.They are also responsible for regulating our planets climate and act as large purifiers of airs, by absorbing carbon dioxide, and giving out oxygen. Types of forests are classified differently from one and another depending upon the species developed with the age of forests, soil found in those forests, the density of trees and history of the geological region. So forests are divid ed into following main types * Tropical forest * Sub tropical forest * Plantations * Boreal Forest * Temperate forest * Seasonal or monsoon forest CONSERVATION OF FOREST Our Government has also made laws to prevent unnecessary felling of trees.Government has decided to declare certain forests as protected areas. These protected areas are called Reserves or wild Life Sanctuaries. Here no one is allowed to hunt animals. There are about 150 wild life sanctuaries in India. People come from all over the world to see these sanctuaries. They consist of some of the most beautiful and rare animals. The largest sanctuary is in West Bengal. It is called the Sunderbans. This sanctuary is famous for its Bengal tigers. The other well known sanctuaries are Kaziranga in Assam, in Gujarat, Bundipur in Karnataka, Kanha in Madhya Pradesh.Corbetf in Uttar Pradesh, Palamau in Bihar and Periyar in Kerala. The Government has made plans to grow more trees. Vanmahotsava is celebrated every year to plant mor e trees. Thousands of school children participate in the Van-mahotsava and plant trees every year. Chipko Movement and Narmada Bachao Andolan are some of the movements to save forests and wild life in India. Chipko Movement was started by Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna in Tehri District of Uttar Pradesh. The women of a village in Tehri clung to the trees and protected them from being cut down. Shrimati Medha Patekar started a Movement namedNarmada Bachao Andolan to save the forests and wild life in the Narmada region. DEFORESTATION Deforestation,clearanceorclearingis the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter converted to a nonforest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms, ranches, or urban use. About half of the worlds original forests had been destroyed by 2011, the majority during the previous 50 years. Since 1990 half of the worldsrain forestshave been destroyed. More than half of the animal and plant species in the world li ve in tropical forests.The termdeforestationis often misused to describe any activity where all trees in an area are removed. However intemperate climates, theremoval of all trees in an area in conformance withsustainable forestrypracticesis correctly described asregeneration harvest. Intemperate mesic climates, natural regeneration of forest stands often will not occur in the absence of disturbance, whether natural or anthropogenic. Furthermore, biodiversity after regeneration harvest often mimics that found after natural disturbance, including biodiversity loss after naturally occurring rainforest destruction.Deforestation occurs for many reasons trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form ofcharcoal) or timber, while cleared land is used aspasturefor livestock, plantations of commodities, and settlements. AFFORESTATION Afforestationis the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no forest. Reforestationis the reestablishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting).Many governments and non-governmental organizations directly engage in programs ofafforestationto create forests, increasecarbon captureandsequestration, and help to anthropogenically improvebiodiversity. (In the UK, afforestation may mean converting the legal status of some land to royal forest. ) Special tools, e. g. tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster. Less than 0,5% of South Africa is covered by indigenous forests. Owing to their slow growth and sensitivity to logging, these forests cannot supply the majority of our countrys wood requirements.Additional fast-growing trees are planted to cater for the demand for wood products. Commercial forests, or plantations, cover 1,1% of South Africa. VANAMAHOTSAVA Van=forests mahotsava=festival So vanamahotsava is the festival of forests. The day to remind all of us that we shou ld take care of priceless forests. Vanamahotsava is a big celebration day for forest officials, forest rangers, DFOs, employees, and their contractors, suppliers, mahaldars etc. On this day they all get together and take decision n promise for the coming year and calculate the present years gross income.On this day they enquire about their deposit in the bank, the deposit which is said to be their side income, happens to b their monthly salary and send their family member to the bank to meet the branch manager to enquire how to make fixed deposits in some Alias name. Actually they not require the meagre salary they earn as their legitimate income, when they earn daily in multiples of that. WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES Indiahas over 441animal sanctuaries, referred to asWildlife sanctuaries(IUCNCategory IVProtected Area).Among these, the 28Tiger Reservesare governed byProject Tiger, and are of special significance in the conservation of thetiger. Some wildlife sanctuaries are specifically nam edBird Sanctuary, e. g. Keoladeo National Parkbefore attained National Park status. Many National Parks were initially Wildlife Sanctuaries. Wildlife sanctuaries of national importance to conservation, usually due to some flagship faunal species, are namedNational Wildlife Sanctuary, likeNational Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuaryfor conserving theGharial(1978) NATIONAL PARKSAnational parkis a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns. It is most commonly anatural park. Although individual nations designate their own national parks differently, an international organization, theInternational Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has defined National Park as itsCategory IItype ofprotected areas. While ideas for this type of national park had been suggested previously, the United States established the first such one,Yellowstone National Park, in 1872.The largest national park in the wor ld meeting the IUCN definition is theNortheast Greenland National Park, which was established in 1974. According to the IUCN, there were 6,555 national parks worldwide in 2006 that meet its criteria. CONCLUSION Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects ofhuman activityonwildlife. The science of extinction. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living being that is at the danger of becoming extinct because of several reasons.Either they are few in number or are threatened by the varying environmental or predation parameters. The endangered species in India have been identified by different national and international organisations like the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Wildlife Institute of India (WII). CONCLUSION Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects ofhuman activityonwildlife.T he science of extinction. An endangered species is defined as a population of a living being that is at the danger of becoming extinct because of several reasons. Either they are few in number or are threatened by the varying environmental or predation parameters. The endangered species in India have been identified by different national and international organisations like the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Wildlife Institute of India (WII).

Comparison of a national sample of homicides committed by lone and multiple perpetrators Essay

Homicides have been one of the crimes that are often committed in England and Wales. However, despite the great number of cases reported, thither has been very minimal or limited interrogation that could financial aid establish the relationship between multiple-perpetrators of homicides the rates of homicides committed (Roscoe, et al., 2012). Furthermore, there is a lack of extensive interrogation to help establish the effects of psychiatric differences that may contribute to the number of homicides. Research has indicated that there are many teenage people who are convolute in homicides as well as those who have been convicted multiple times. Race also has been noted as one of the distinctive aspects of many cases of homicide. Previous interrogation has indicated that most of the multiple perpetrators of homicide are likely to be young (Roscoe et al., 2012). Furthermore, they have come from minority ethnic groups and often are not married.Over the years, there has been a ris e in the number of homicides reported across England and Wales. The purpose of this research was primarily to help provide sufficient information regarding homicides in England and Wales. Furthermore, the research was aimed at helping to diagnose the relationship that exists between multiple perpetrators of violence and homicide rates in the two regions. Another purpose of this research was to help identify the relationship between age and the number of homicides that are committed in England and Wales (Roscoe et al., 2012). The authors of this research also aimed to provide much-needed information on homicides and multiple perpetrators of violence because there has been limited or minimal research conducted that can be relied upon to make conclusions.The method of research involved the use of secondary data collected from sundry(a) government databases on people who had been convicted for committing homicide. The researchers obtained records on the social and clinical histories o f the participants, together with records of previous offenses (Roscoe et al., 2012). The researchers used questionnaires to collect data on participants who had mental health histories. moral health teams and clinicians who had supervised the convicted persons completed questionnaires to help establish the mental health histories of the convicts. The questionnaires sought information regarding the characteristics of the offenders, the care provided, and their forensic and clinical histories (Roscoe et al., 2012). The researchers presented findings in the form of graphs and tables to help enhance understanding of the data and information.The conclusion of this research indicated that there is a difference between lone and multiple perpetrators of homicide. This research also concluded that young people are commonly involved in homicide cases with multiple perpetrators (Roscoe et al., 2012). Gang members have been seen to be less involved in homicides as a ensue of being identified by police and the courts (Roscoe et al., 2012). Therefore, it is important that young people be provided with services that are supportive to help reduce the possibility of their intimacy in homicide cases (Roscoe et al., 2012).ReferenceRoscoe, A., Rahman, M. S., Mehta, H., While, D., Appleby, L., & Shaw, J. (2012). Comparison of a national sample of homicides committed by lone and multiple perpetrators. Journal Of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 23(4), 510-521. doi10.1080/14789949.2012.704639 witness document